1. Here are some types of prototypes and the forms of reasoning that they go with:

* Graded: Linear Scale Reasoning
* Stereotype: Snap judgments (challengible)
* Typical Case: Automatic inferences about common cases
* Ideal Case: Standards of judgment; Comparison
* Paragon Exemplar: Positive Role Model
* Anti-Paragon Exemplar: Negative Role Model
* Cognitive Reference Point: Estimates; Location in "Semantic Space"
* Salient Example: Probability Judgments
* Radial (the central member): Basis for Category Extensions
*Essence: Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Category Membership;
  Causal Reasoning Explaining Natural Behavior.

Find examples of as many of these as possible either (1) from your assigned reading for the course, or (2) from the material on the course website. Provide just enough discussion to show why the example given is indeed an example of the prototype-based reasoning indicated. (Please provide enough context/ reference to know where you found the examples).

2. For each of the following category names discuss whether it is basic-level, superordinate or subordinate. Use the relevant criteria from your reading. If you are not sure about your answer, explain why. Discuss any problems you have in applying the criteria given in your reading.

(A) Sofabed (B) Wristwatch (C) Appliance (D) Crime

(E) Cigarette (F) Pineapple (G) Run.

3. Given what you've read in the neuroscience readings, would you expect the following to form basic-level categories? Why or why not?

a. A line segment at a 30 degree angle from the vertical (which can be detected by a center-surround line-detecting cell assembly).
b. A motor reflex (e.g., the knee-jerk reflex).
c. A fixed action pattern, such as eating or walking.

4. Pick three of the forms of prototype-based reasoning from question 1. Given what we have discussed and read in the course about neural structure, speculate about how each of the three might be represented neurally. For example, consider graded prototypes: How might graded prototypes be represented so as to give a gradation of neural response and allow for linear scale reasoning. What exactly would a "gradation of neural response" be and how might linear scale reasoning be represented?

 This homework is due Monday, March 1